Source code for pydal.base

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
| This file is part of the web2py Web Framework
| Copyrighted by Massimo Di Pierro <mdipierro@cs.depaul.edu>
| License: LGPLv3 (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html)
|

This file contains the DAL support for many relational databases, including:

  - SQLite & SpatiaLite
  - MySQL
  - Postgres
  - Firebird
  - Oracle
  - MS SQL
  - DB2
  - Interbase
  - Ingres
  - Informix (9+ and SE)
  - SapDB (experimental)
  - Cubrid (experimental)
  - CouchDB (experimental)
  - MongoDB (in progress)
  - Google:nosql
  - Google:sql
  - Teradata
  - IMAP (experimental)

Example of usage::

    >>> # from dal import DAL, Field

    ### create DAL connection (and create DB if it doesn't exist)
    >>> db = DAL(('sqlite://storage.sqlite','mysql://a:b@localhost/x'),
    ... folder=None)

    ### define a table 'person' (create/alter as necessary)
    >>> person = db.define_table('person',Field('name','string'))

    ### insert a record
    >>> id = person.insert(name='James')

    ### retrieve it by id
    >>> james = person(id)

    ### retrieve it by name
    >>> james = person(name='James')

    ### retrieve it by arbitrary query
    >>> query = (person.name=='James') & (person.name.startswith('J'))
    >>> james = db(query).select(person.ALL)[0]

    ### update one record
    >>> james.update_record(name='Jim')
    <Row {'id': 1, 'name': 'Jim'}>

    ### update multiple records by query
    >>> db(person.name.like('J%')).update(name='James')
    1

    ### delete records by query
    >>> db(person.name.lower() == 'jim').delete()
    0

    ### retrieve multiple records (rows)
    >>> people = db(person).select(orderby=person.name,
    ... groupby=person.name, limitby=(0,100))

    ### further filter them
    >>> james = people.find(lambda row: row.name == 'James').first()
    >>> print james.id, james.name
    1 James

    ### check aggregates
    >>> counter = person.id.count()
    >>> print db(person).select(counter).first()(counter)
    1

    ### delete one record
    >>> james.delete_record()
    1

    ### delete (drop) entire database table
    >>> person.drop()


Supported DAL URI strings::

    'sqlite://test.db'
    'spatialite://test.db'
    'sqlite:memory'
    'spatialite:memory'
    'jdbc:sqlite://test.db'
    'mysql://root:none@localhost/test'
    'postgres://mdipierro:password@localhost/test'
    'postgres:psycopg2://mdipierro:password@localhost/test'
    'postgres:pg8000://mdipierro:password@localhost/test'
    'jdbc:postgres://mdipierro:none@localhost/test'
    'mssql://web2py:none@A64X2/web2py_test'
    'mssql2://web2py:none@A64X2/web2py_test' # alternate mappings
    'mssql3://web2py:none@A64X2/web2py_test' # better pagination (requires >= 2005)
    'mssql4://web2py:none@A64X2/web2py_test' # best pagination (requires >= 2012)
    'oracle://username:password@database'
    'firebird://user:password@server:3050/database'
    'db2:ibm_db_dbi://DSN=dsn;UID=user;PWD=pass'
    'db2:pyodbc://driver=DB2;hostname=host;database=database;uid=user;pwd=password;port=port'
    'firebird://username:password@hostname/database'
    'firebird_embedded://username:password@c://path'
    'informix://user:password@server:3050/database'
    'informixu://user:password@server:3050/database' # unicode informix
    'ingres://database'  # or use an ODBC connection string, e.g. 'ingres://dsn=dsn_name'
    'google:datastore' # for google app engine datastore (uses ndb by default)
    'google:sql' # for google app engine with sql (mysql compatible)
    'teradata://DSN=dsn;UID=user;PWD=pass; DATABASE=database' # experimental
    'imap://user:password@server:port' # experimental
    'mongodb://user:password@server:port/database' # experimental

For more info::

    help(DAL)
    help(Field)

"""

import copy
import glob
import logging
import socket
import threading
import time
import traceback
import urllib
from uuid import uuid4

from ._compat import PY2, pickle, hashlib_md5, pjoin, copyreg, integer_types, \
    with_metaclass
from ._globals import GLOBAL_LOCKER, THREAD_LOCAL, DEFAULT
from ._load import OrderedDict
from .helpers.classes import Serializable, SQLCallableList, BasicStorage
from .helpers.methods import hide_password, smart_query, auto_validators, \
    auto_represent
from .helpers.regex import REGEX_PYTHON_KEYWORDS, REGEX_DBNAME, \
    REGEX_SEARCH_PATTERN, REGEX_SQUARE_BRACKETS
from .helpers.serializers import serializers
from .objects import Table, Field, Row, Set
from .adapters import ADAPTERS
from .adapters.base import BaseAdapter

long = integer_types[-1]


TABLE_ARGS = set(
    ('migrate', 'primarykey', 'fake_migrate', 'format', 'redefine',
     'singular', 'plural', 'trigger_name', 'sequence_name', 'fields',
     'common_filter', 'polymodel', 'table_class', 'on_define', 'rname'))


[docs]class MetaDAL(type): def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs): #: intercept arguments for DAL costumisation on call intercepts = [ 'logger', 'representers', 'serializers', 'uuid', 'validators', 'validators_method', 'Table', 'Row'] intercepted = [] for name in intercepts: val = kwargs.get(name) if val: intercepted.append((name, val)) del kwargs[name] for tup in intercepted: setattr(cls, tup[0], tup[1]) obj = super(MetaDAL, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs) return obj
[docs]class DAL(with_metaclass(MetaDAL, Serializable, BasicStorage)): """ An instance of this class represents a database connection Args: uri(str): contains information for connecting to a database. Defaults to `'sqlite://dummy.db'` Note: experimental: you can specify a dictionary as uri parameter i.e. with:: db = DAL({"uri": "sqlite://storage.sqlite", "tables": {...}, ...}) for an example of dict input you can check the output of the scaffolding db model with db.as_dict() Note that for compatibility with Python older than version 2.6.5 you should cast your dict input keys to str due to a syntax limitation on kwarg names. for proper DAL dictionary input you can use one of:: obj = serializers.cast_keys(dict, [encoding="utf-8"]) #or else (for parsing json input) obj = serializers.loads_json(data, unicode_keys=False) pool_size: How many open connections to make to the database object. folder: where .table files will be created. Automatically set within web2py. Use an explicit path when using DAL outside web2py db_codec: string encoding of the database (default: 'UTF-8') table_hash: database identifier with .tables. If your connection hash change you can still using old .tables if they have db_hash as prefix check_reserved: list of adapters to check tablenames and column names against sql/nosql reserved keywords. Defaults to `None` - 'common' List of sql keywords that are common to all database types such as "SELECT, INSERT". (recommended) - 'all' Checks against all known SQL keywords - '<adaptername>'' Checks against the specific adapters list of keywords - '<adaptername>_nonreserved' Checks against the specific adapters list of nonreserved keywords. (if available) migrate: sets default migrate behavior for all tables fake_migrate: sets default fake_migrate behavior for all tables migrate_enabled: If set to False disables ALL migrations fake_migrate_all: If set to True fake migrates ALL tables attempts: Number of times to attempt connecting auto_import: If set to True, tries import automatically table definitions from the databases folder (works only for simple models) bigint_id: If set, turn on bigint instead of int for id and reference fields lazy_tables: delays table definition until table access after_connection: can a callable that will be executed after the connection Example: Use as:: db = DAL('sqlite://test.db') or:: db = DAL(**{"uri": ..., "tables": [...]...}) # experimental db.define_table('tablename', Field('fieldname1'), Field('fieldname2')) """ serializers = None validators = None validators_method = None representers = {} uuid = lambda x: str(uuid4()) logger = logging.getLogger("pyDAL") Table = Table Row = Row def __new__(cls, uri='sqlite://dummy.db', *args, **kwargs): if not hasattr(THREAD_LOCAL, 'db_instances'): THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances = {} if not hasattr(THREAD_LOCAL, 'db_instances_zombie'): THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances_zombie = {} if uri == '<zombie>': db_uid = kwargs['db_uid'] # a zombie must have a db_uid! if db_uid in THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances: db_group = THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances[db_uid] db = db_group[-1] elif db_uid in THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances_zombie: db = THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances_zombie[db_uid] else: db = super(DAL, cls).__new__(cls) THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances_zombie[db_uid] = db else: db_uid = kwargs.get('db_uid', hashlib_md5(repr(uri)).hexdigest()) if db_uid in THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances_zombie: db = THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances_zombie[db_uid] del THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances_zombie[db_uid] else: db = super(DAL, cls).__new__(cls) db_group = THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances.get(db_uid, []) db_group.append(db) THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances[db_uid] = db_group db._db_uid = db_uid return db @staticmethod
[docs] def set_folder(folder): # ## this allows gluon to set a folder for this thread # ## <<<<<<<<< Should go away as new DAL replaces old sql.py BaseAdapter.set_folder(folder)
@staticmethod
[docs] def get_instances(): """ Returns a dictionary with uri as key with timings and defined tables:: {'sqlite://storage.sqlite': { 'dbstats': [(select auth_user.email from auth_user, 0.02009)], 'dbtables': { 'defined': ['auth_cas', 'auth_event', 'auth_group', 'auth_membership', 'auth_permission', 'auth_user'], 'lazy': '[]' } } } """ dbs = getattr(THREAD_LOCAL, 'db_instances', {}).items() infos = {} for db_uid, db_group in dbs: for db in db_group: if not db._uri: continue k = hide_password(db._adapter.uri) infos[k] = dict( dbstats = [(row[0], row[1]) for row in db._timings], dbtables = {'defined': sorted( list(set(db.tables)-set(db._LAZY_TABLES.keys()))), 'lazy': sorted(db._LAZY_TABLES.keys())}) return infos
@staticmethod
[docs] def distributed_transaction_begin(*instances): if not instances: return thread_key = '%s.%s' % (socket.gethostname(), threading.currentThread()) keys = ['%s.%i' % (thread_key, i) for (i,db) in instances] instances = enumerate(instances) for (i, db) in instances: if not db._adapter.support_distributed_transaction(): raise SyntaxError( 'distributed transaction not suported by %s' % db._dbname) for (i, db) in instances: db._adapter.distributed_transaction_begin(keys[i])
@staticmethod
[docs] def distributed_transaction_commit(*instances): if not instances: return instances = enumerate(instances) thread_key = '%s.%s' % (socket.gethostname(), threading.currentThread()) keys = ['%s.%i' % (thread_key, i) for (i,db) in instances] for (i, db) in instances: if not db._adapter.support_distributed_transaction(): raise SyntaxError( 'distributed transaction not suported by %s' % db._dbanme) try: for (i, db) in instances: db._adapter.prepare(keys[i]) except: for (i, db) in instances: db._adapter.rollback_prepared(keys[i]) raise RuntimeError('failure to commit distributed transaction') else: for (i, db) in instances: db._adapter.commit_prepared(keys[i]) return
def __init__(self, uri='sqlite://dummy.db', pool_size=0, folder=None, db_codec='UTF-8', check_reserved=None, migrate=True, fake_migrate=False, migrate_enabled=True, fake_migrate_all=False, decode_credentials=False, driver_args=None, adapter_args=None, attempts=5, auto_import=False, bigint_id=False, debug=False, lazy_tables=False, db_uid=None, do_connect=True, after_connection=None, tables=None, ignore_field_case=True, entity_quoting=False, table_hash=None): if uri == '<zombie>' and db_uid is not None: return super(DAL, self).__init__() if not issubclass(self.Row, Row): raise RuntimeError( '`Row` class must be a subclass of pydal.objects.Row' ) from .drivers import DRIVERS, is_jdbc self._drivers_available = DRIVERS if not decode_credentials: credential_decoder = lambda cred: cred else: credential_decoder = lambda cred: urllib.unquote(cred) self._folder = folder if folder: self.set_folder(folder) self._uri = uri self._pool_size = pool_size self._db_codec = db_codec self._lastsql = '' self._timings = [] self._pending_references = {} self._request_tenant = 'request_tenant' self._common_fields = [] self._referee_name = '%(table)s' self._bigint_id = bigint_id self._debug = debug self._migrated = [] self._LAZY_TABLES = {} self._lazy_tables = lazy_tables self._tables = SQLCallableList() self._driver_args = driver_args self._adapter_args = adapter_args self._check_reserved = check_reserved self._decode_credentials = decode_credentials self._attempts = attempts self._do_connect = do_connect self._ignore_field_case = ignore_field_case if not str(attempts).isdigit() or attempts < 0: attempts = 5 if uri: uris = isinstance(uri, (list, tuple)) and uri or [uri] connected = False for k in range(attempts): for uri in uris: try: if is_jdbc and not uri.startswith('jdbc:'): uri = 'jdbc:'+uri self._dbname = REGEX_DBNAME.match(uri).group() if self._dbname not in ADAPTERS: raise SyntaxError( "Error in URI '%s' or database not supported" % self._dbname ) # notice that driver args or {} else driver_args # defaults to {} global, not correct kwargs = dict(db=self, uri=uri, pool_size=pool_size, folder=folder, db_codec=db_codec, credential_decoder=credential_decoder, driver_args=driver_args or {}, adapter_args=adapter_args or {}, do_connect=do_connect, after_connection=after_connection, entity_quoting=entity_quoting) self._adapter = ADAPTERS[self._dbname](**kwargs) types = ADAPTERS[self._dbname].types # copy so multiple DAL() possible self._adapter.types = copy.copy(types) self._adapter.build_parsemap() self._adapter.ignore_field_case = ignore_field_case if bigint_id: if 'big-id' in types and 'reference' in types: self._adapter.types['id'] = types['big-id'] self._adapter.types['reference'] = \ types['big-reference'] connected = True break except SyntaxError: raise except Exception: tb = traceback.format_exc() self.logger.debug( 'DEBUG: connect attempt %i, connection error:\n%s' % (k, tb) ) if connected: break else: time.sleep(1) if not connected: raise RuntimeError( "Failure to connect, tried %d times:\n%s" % (attempts, tb) ) else: self._adapter = BaseAdapter( db=self, pool_size=0, uri='None', folder=folder, db_codec=db_codec, after_connection=after_connection, entity_quoting=entity_quoting) migrate = fake_migrate = False adapter = self._adapter self._uri_hash = table_hash or hashlib_md5(adapter.uri).hexdigest() self.check_reserved = check_reserved if self.check_reserved: from .contrib.reserved_sql_keywords import ADAPTERS as RSK self.RSK = RSK self._migrate = migrate self._fake_migrate = fake_migrate self._migrate_enabled = migrate_enabled self._fake_migrate_all = fake_migrate_all if self.serializers is not None: for k, v in self.serializers.items(): serializers._custom_[k] = v if auto_import or tables: self.import_table_definitions(adapter.folder, tables=tables) @property
[docs] def tables(self): return self._tables
[docs] def import_table_definitions(self, path, migrate=False, fake_migrate=False, tables=None): if tables: for table in tables: self.define_table(**table) else: pattern = pjoin(path,self._uri_hash+'_*.table') for filename in glob.glob(pattern): tfile = self._adapter.file_open(filename, 'r') try: sql_fields = pickle.load(tfile) name = filename[len(pattern)-7:-6] mf = [(value['sortable'], Field(key, type=value['type'], length=value.get('length',None), notnull=value.get('notnull',False), unique=value.get('unique',False))) \ for key, value in sql_fields.iteritems()] mf.sort(lambda a,b: cmp(a[0],b[0])) self.define_table(name,*[item[1] for item in mf], **dict(migrate=migrate, fake_migrate=fake_migrate)) finally: self._adapter.file_close(tfile)
[docs] def check_reserved_keyword(self, name): """ Validates `name` against SQL keywords Uses self.check_reserve which is a list of operators to use. """ for backend in self.check_reserved: if name.upper() in self.RSK[backend]: raise SyntaxError( 'invalid table/column name "%s" is a "%s" reserved SQL/NOSQL keyword' % (name, backend.upper()))
[docs] def parse_as_rest(self,patterns,args,vars,queries=None,nested_select=True): """ Example: Use as:: db.define_table('person',Field('name'),Field('info')) db.define_table('pet', Field('ownedby',db.person), Field('name'),Field('info') ) @request.restful() def index(): def GET(*args,**vars): patterns = [ "/friends[person]", "/{person.name}/:field", "/{person.name}/pets[pet.ownedby]", "/{person.name}/pets[pet.ownedby]/{pet.name}", "/{person.name}/pets[pet.ownedby]/{pet.name}/:field", ("/dogs[pet]", db.pet.info=='dog'), ("/dogs[pet]/{pet.name.startswith}", db.pet.info=='dog'), ] parser = db.parse_as_rest(patterns,args,vars) if parser.status == 200: return dict(content=parser.response) else: raise HTTP(parser.status,parser.error) def POST(table_name,**vars): if table_name == 'person': return db.person.validate_and_insert(**vars) elif table_name == 'pet': return db.pet.validate_and_insert(**vars) else: raise HTTP(400) return locals() """ db = self re1 = REGEX_SEARCH_PATTERN re2 = REGEX_SQUARE_BRACKETS def auto_table(table,base='',depth=0): patterns = [] for field in db[table].fields: if base: tag = '%s/%s' % (base,field.replace('_','-')) else: tag = '/%s/%s' % (table.replace('_','-'),field.replace('_','-')) f = db[table][field] if not f.readable: continue if f.type=='id' or 'slug' in field or f.type.startswith('reference'): tag += '/{%s.%s}' % (table,field) patterns.append(tag) patterns.append(tag+'/:field') elif f.type.startswith('boolean'): tag += '/{%s.%s}' % (table,field) patterns.append(tag) patterns.append(tag+'/:field') elif f.type in ('float','double','integer','bigint'): tag += '/{%s.%s.ge}/{%s.%s.lt}' % (table,field,table,field) patterns.append(tag) patterns.append(tag+'/:field') elif f.type.startswith('list:'): tag += '/{%s.%s.contains}' % (table,field) patterns.append(tag) patterns.append(tag+'/:field') elif f.type in ('date','datetime'): tag+= '/{%s.%s.year}' % (table,field) patterns.append(tag) patterns.append(tag+'/:field') tag+='/{%s.%s.month}' % (table,field) patterns.append(tag) patterns.append(tag+'/:field') tag+='/{%s.%s.day}' % (table,field) patterns.append(tag) patterns.append(tag+'/:field') if f.type in ('datetime','time'): tag+= '/{%s.%s.hour}' % (table,field) patterns.append(tag) patterns.append(tag+'/:field') tag+='/{%s.%s.minute}' % (table,field) patterns.append(tag) patterns.append(tag+'/:field') tag+='/{%s.%s.second}' % (table,field) patterns.append(tag) patterns.append(tag+'/:field') if depth>0: for f in db[table]._referenced_by: tag+='/%s[%s.%s]' % (table,f.tablename,f.name) patterns.append(tag) patterns += auto_table(table,base=tag,depth=depth-1) return patterns if patterns == 'auto': patterns=[] for table in db.tables: if not table.startswith('auth_'): patterns.append('/%s[%s]' % (table,table)) patterns += auto_table(table,base='',depth=1) else: i = 0 while i<len(patterns): pattern = patterns[i] if not isinstance(pattern,str): pattern = pattern[0] tokens = pattern.split('/') if tokens[-1].startswith(':auto') and re2.match(tokens[-1]): new_patterns = auto_table(tokens[-1][tokens[-1].find('[')+1:-1], '/'.join(tokens[:-1])) patterns = patterns[:i]+new_patterns+patterns[i+1:] i += len(new_patterns) else: i += 1 if '/'.join(args) == 'patterns': return self.Row({'status':200,'pattern':'list', 'error':None,'response':patterns}) for pattern in patterns: basequery, exposedfields = None, [] if isinstance(pattern,tuple): if len(pattern)==2: pattern, basequery = pattern elif len(pattern)>2: pattern, basequery, exposedfields = pattern[0:3] otable=table=None if not isinstance(queries,dict): dbset=db(queries) if basequery is not None: dbset = dbset(basequery) i=0 tags = pattern[1:].split('/') if len(tags)!=len(args): continue for tag in tags: if re1.match(tag): # print 're1:'+tag tokens = tag[1:-1].split('.') table, field = tokens[0], tokens[1] if not otable or table == otable: if len(tokens)==2 or tokens[2]=='eq': query = db[table][field]==args[i] elif tokens[2]=='ne': query = db[table][field]!=args[i] elif tokens[2]=='lt': query = db[table][field]<args[i] elif tokens[2]=='gt': query = db[table][field]>args[i] elif tokens[2]=='ge': query = db[table][field]>=args[i] elif tokens[2]=='le': query = db[table][field]<=args[i] elif tokens[2]=='year': query = db[table][field].year()==args[i] elif tokens[2]=='month': query = db[table][field].month()==args[i] elif tokens[2]=='day': query = db[table][field].day()==args[i] elif tokens[2]=='hour': query = db[table][field].hour()==args[i] elif tokens[2]=='minute': query = db[table][field].minutes()==args[i] elif tokens[2]=='second': query = db[table][field].seconds()==args[i] elif tokens[2]=='startswith': query = db[table][field].startswith(args[i]) elif tokens[2]=='contains': query = db[table][field].contains(args[i]) else: raise RuntimeError("invalid pattern: %s" % pattern) if len(tokens)==4 and tokens[3]=='not': query = ~query elif len(tokens)>=4: raise RuntimeError("invalid pattern: %s" % pattern) if not otable and isinstance(queries,dict): dbset = db(queries[table]) if basequery is not None: dbset = dbset(basequery) dbset=dbset(query) else: raise RuntimeError("missing relation in pattern: %s" % pattern) elif re2.match(tag) and args[i]==tag[:tag.find('[')]: ref = tag[tag.find('[')+1:-1] if '.' in ref and otable: table,field = ref.split('.') selfld = '_id' if db[table][field].type.startswith('reference '): refs = [ x.name for x in db[otable] if x.type == db[table][field].type ] else: refs = [ x.name for x in db[table]._referenced_by if x.tablename==otable ] if refs: selfld = refs[0] if nested_select: try: dbset=db(db[table][field].belongs(dbset._select(db[otable][selfld]))) except ValueError: return self.Row({'status':400,'pattern':pattern, 'error':'invalid path','response':None}) else: items = [item.id for item in dbset.select(db[otable][selfld])] dbset=db(db[table][field].belongs(items)) else: table = ref if not otable and isinstance(queries,dict): dbset = db(queries[table]) dbset=dbset(db[table]) elif tag==':field' and table: # print 're3:'+tag field = args[i] if not field in db[table]: break # hand-built patterns should respect .readable=False as well if not db[table][field].readable: return self.Row({'status':418,'pattern':pattern, 'error':'I\'m a teapot','response':None}) try: distinct = vars.get('distinct', False) == 'True' offset = long(vars.get('offset',None) or 0) limits = (offset,long(vars.get('limit',None) or 1000)+offset) except ValueError: return self.Row({'status':400,'error':'invalid limits','response':None}) items = dbset.select(db[table][field], distinct=distinct, limitby=limits) if items: return self.Row({'status':200,'response':items, 'pattern':pattern}) else: return self.Row({'status':404,'pattern':pattern, 'error':'no record found','response':None}) elif tag != args[i]: break otable = table i += 1 if i == len(tags) and table: if hasattr(db[table], '_id'): ofields = vars.get('order', db[table]._id.name).split('|') else: ofields = vars.get('order', db[table]._primarykey[0]).split('|') try: orderby = [db[table][f] if not f.startswith('~') else ~db[table][f[1:]] for f in ofields] except (KeyError, AttributeError): return self.Row({'status':400,'error':'invalid orderby','response':None}) if exposedfields: fields = [field for field in db[table] if str(field).split('.')[-1] in exposedfields and field.readable] else: fields = [field for field in db[table] if field.readable] count = dbset.count() try: offset = long(vars.get('offset',None) or 0) limits = (offset,long(vars.get('limit',None) or 1000)+offset) except ValueError: return self.Row({'status':400,'error':'invalid limits','response':None}) #if count > limits[1]-limits[0]: # return self.Row({'status':400,'error':'too many records','response':None}) try: response = dbset.select(limitby=limits,orderby=orderby,*fields) except ValueError: return self.Row({'status':400,'pattern':pattern, 'error':'invalid path','response':None}) return self.Row({'status':200,'response':response, 'pattern':pattern,'count':count}) return self.Row({'status':400,'error':'no matching pattern','response':None})
[docs] def define_table( self, tablename, *fields, **args ): if not fields and 'fields' in args: fields = args.get('fields',()) if not isinstance(tablename, str): if isinstance(tablename, unicode): try: tablename = str(tablename) except UnicodeEncodeError: raise SyntaxError("invalid unicode table name") else: raise SyntaxError("missing table name") elif hasattr(self,tablename) or tablename in self.tables: if args.get('redefine',False): delattr(self, tablename) else: raise SyntaxError('table already defined: %s' % tablename) elif tablename.startswith('_') or hasattr(self,tablename) or \ REGEX_PYTHON_KEYWORDS.match(tablename): raise SyntaxError('invalid table name: %s' % tablename) elif self.check_reserved: self.check_reserved_keyword(tablename) else: invalid_args = set(args)-TABLE_ARGS if invalid_args: raise SyntaxError('invalid table "%s" attributes: %s' \ % (tablename,invalid_args)) if self._lazy_tables and tablename not in self._LAZY_TABLES: self._LAZY_TABLES[tablename] = (tablename,fields,args) table = None else: table = self.lazy_define_table(tablename,*fields,**args) if not tablename in self.tables: self.tables.append(tablename) return table
[docs] def lazy_define_table( self, tablename, *fields, **args ): args_get = args.get common_fields = self._common_fields if common_fields: fields = list(fields) + list(common_fields) table_class = args_get('table_class',Table) table = table_class(self, tablename, *fields, **args) table._actual = True self[tablename] = table # must follow above line to handle self references table._create_references() for field in table: if field.requires == DEFAULT: field.requires = auto_validators(field) if field.represent is None: field.represent = auto_represent(field) migrate = self._migrate_enabled and args_get('migrate',self._migrate) if migrate and not self._uri in (None,'None') \ or self._adapter.dbengine=='google:datastore': fake_migrate = self._fake_migrate_all or \ args_get('fake_migrate',self._fake_migrate) polymodel = args_get('polymodel',None) try: GLOBAL_LOCKER.acquire() self._lastsql = self._adapter.create_table( table,migrate=migrate, fake_migrate=fake_migrate, polymodel=polymodel) finally: GLOBAL_LOCKER.release() else: table._dbt = None on_define = args_get('on_define',None) if on_define: on_define(table) return table
[docs] def as_dict(self, flat=False, sanitize=True): db_uid = uri = None if not sanitize: uri, db_uid = (self._uri, self._db_uid) db_as_dict = dict( tables=[], uri=uri, db_uid=db_uid, **dict( [(k, getattr(self, "_" + k, None)) for k in [ 'pool_size', 'folder', 'db_codec', 'check_reserved', 'migrate', 'fake_migrate', 'migrate_enabled', 'fake_migrate_all', 'decode_credentials', 'driver_args', 'adapter_args', 'attempts', 'bigint_id', 'debug', 'lazy_tables', 'do_connect']])) for table in self: db_as_dict["tables"].append(table.as_dict(flat=flat, sanitize=sanitize)) return db_as_dict
def __contains__(self, tablename): try: return tablename in self.tables except AttributeError: # The instance has no .tables attribute yet return False def __iter__(self): for tablename in self.tables: yield self[tablename] def __getitem__(self, key): return self.__getattr__(str(key)) def __getattr__(self, key): if object.__getattribute__(self, '_lazy_tables') and \ key in object.__getattribute__(self, '_LAZY_TABLES'): tablename, fields, args = self._LAZY_TABLES.pop(key) return self.lazy_define_table(tablename, *fields, **args) return BasicStorage.__getattribute__(self, key) def __setattr__(self, key, value): if key[:1] != '_' and key in self: raise SyntaxError( 'Object %s exists and cannot be redefined' % key) return super(DAL, self).__setattr__(key, value) def __repr__(self): if hasattr(self, '_uri'): return '<DAL uri="%s">' % hide_password(self._adapter.uri) else: return '<DAL db_uid="%s">' % self._db_uid
[docs] def smart_query(self, fields, text): return Set(self, smart_query(fields, text))
def __call__(self, query=None, ignore_common_filters=None): return self.where(query, ignore_common_filters)
[docs] def where(self, query=None, ignore_common_filters=None): if isinstance(query, Table): query = self._adapter.id_query(query) elif isinstance(query, Field): query = query != None elif isinstance(query, dict): icf = query.get("ignore_common_filters") if icf: ignore_common_filters = icf return Set(self, query, ignore_common_filters=ignore_common_filters)
[docs] def commit(self): self._adapter.commit()
[docs] def rollback(self): self._adapter.rollback()
[docs] def close(self): self._adapter.close() if self._db_uid in THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances: db_group = THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances[self._db_uid] db_group.remove(self) if not db_group: del THREAD_LOCAL.db_instances[self._db_uid]
[docs] def executesql(self, query, placeholders=None, as_dict=False, fields=None, colnames=None, as_ordered_dict=False): """ Executes an arbitrary query Args: query (str): the query to submit to the backend placeholders: is optional and will always be None. If using raw SQL with placeholders, placeholders may be a sequence of values to be substituted in or, (if supported by the DB driver), a dictionary with keys matching named placeholders in your SQL. as_dict: will always be None when using DAL. If using raw SQL can be set to True and the results cursor returned by the DB driver will be converted to a sequence of dictionaries keyed with the db field names. Results returned with as_dict=True are the same as those returned when applying .to_list() to a DAL query. If "as_ordered_dict"=True the behaviour is the same as when "as_dict"=True with the keys (field names) guaranteed to be in the same order as returned by the select name executed on the database. fields: list of DAL Fields that match the fields returned from the DB. The Field objects should be part of one or more Table objects defined on the DAL object. The "fields" list can include one or more DAL Table objects in addition to or instead of including Field objects, or it can be just a single table (not in a list). In that case, the Field objects will be extracted from the table(s). Note: if either `fields` or `colnames` is provided, the results will be converted to a DAL `Rows` object using the `db._adapter.parse()` method colnames: list of field names in tablename.fieldname format Note: It is also possible to specify both "fields" and the associated "colnames". In that case, "fields" can also include DAL Expression objects in addition to Field objects. For Field objects in "fields", the associated "colnames" must still be in tablename.fieldname format. For Expression objects in "fields", the associated "colnames" can be any arbitrary labels. DAL Table objects referred to by "fields" or "colnames" can be dummy tables and do not have to represent any real tables in the database. Also, note that the "fields" and "colnames" must be in the same order as the fields in the results cursor returned from the DB. """ adapter = self._adapter if placeholders: adapter.execute(query, placeholders) else: adapter.execute(query) if as_dict or as_ordered_dict: if not hasattr(adapter.cursor,'description'): raise RuntimeError("database does not support executesql(...,as_dict=True)") # Non-DAL legacy db query, converts cursor results to dict. # sequence of 7-item sequences. each sequence tells about a column. # first item is always the field name according to Python Database API specs columns = adapter.cursor.description # reduce the column info down to just the field names fields = colnames or [f[0] for f in columns] if len(fields) != len(set(fields)): raise RuntimeError("Result set includes duplicate column names. Specify unique column names using the 'colnames' argument") #: avoid bytes strings in columns names (py3) if columns and not PY2: for i in range(0, len(fields)): if isinstance(fields[i], bytes): fields[i] = fields[i].decode("utf8") # will hold our finished resultset in a list data = adapter._fetchall() # convert the list for each row into a dictionary so it's # easier to work with. row['field_name'] rather than row[0] if as_ordered_dict: _dict = OrderedDict else: _dict = dict return [_dict(zip(fields,row)) for row in data] try: data = adapter._fetchall() except: return None if fields or colnames: fields = [] if fields is None else fields if not isinstance(fields, list): fields = [fields] extracted_fields = [] for field in fields: if isinstance(field, Table): extracted_fields.extend([f for f in field]) else: extracted_fields.append(field) if not colnames: colnames = ['%s.%s' % (f.tablename, f.name) for f in extracted_fields] data = adapter.parse( data, fields=extracted_fields, colnames=colnames) return data
def _remove_references_to(self, thistable): for table in self: table._referenced_by = [field for field in table._referenced_by if not field.table==thistable]
[docs] def has_representer(self, name): return callable(self.representers.get(name))
[docs] def represent(self, name, *args, **kwargs): return self.representers[name](*args, **kwargs)
[docs] def export_to_csv_file(self, ofile, *args, **kwargs): step = long(kwargs.get('max_fetch_rows,',500)) write_colnames = kwargs['write_colnames'] = \ kwargs.get("write_colnames", True) for table in self.tables: ofile.write('TABLE %s\r\n' % table) query = self._adapter.id_query(self[table]) nrows = self(query).count() kwargs['write_colnames'] = write_colnames for k in range(0,nrows,step): self(query).select(limitby=(k,k+step)).export_to_csv_file( ofile, *args, **kwargs) kwargs['write_colnames'] = False ofile.write('\r\n\r\n') ofile.write('END')
[docs] def import_from_csv_file(self, ifile, id_map=None, null='<NULL>', unique='uuid', map_tablenames=None, ignore_missing_tables=False, *args, **kwargs): #if id_map is None: id_map={} id_offset = {} # only used if id_map is None map_tablenames = map_tablenames or {} for line in ifile: line = line.strip() if not line: continue elif line == 'END': return elif not line.startswith('TABLE ') or \ not line[6:] in self.tables: raise SyntaxError('invalid file format') else: tablename = line[6:] tablename = map_tablenames.get(tablename,tablename) if tablename is not None and tablename in self.tables: self[tablename].import_from_csv_file( ifile, id_map, null, unique, id_offset, *args, **kwargs) elif tablename is None or ignore_missing_tables: # skip all non-empty lines for line in ifile: if not line.strip(): break else: raise RuntimeError("Unable to import table that does not exist.\nTry db.import_from_csv_file(..., map_tablenames={'table':'othertable'},ignore_missing_tables=True)")
[docs] def can_join(self): return self._adapter.can_join()
[docs]def DAL_unpickler(db_uid): return DAL('<zombie>', db_uid=db_uid)
[docs]def DAL_pickler(db): return DAL_unpickler, (db._db_uid,)
copyreg.pickle(DAL, DAL_pickler, DAL_unpickler)